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Step 1
Use the tissue culture to grow new viruses.
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The goal in creating a killed vaccine is to disable a pathogen's replicating
ability (its ability to enter cells and multiply) while keeping intact its
shape and other characteristics that will generate an immune response against
the actual pathogen. When the body is exposed to the killed polio vaccine, its
immune system will set up a defense that will attack any live polio viruses
that it may encounter later.
To produce this vaccine, you first need many copies of the polio virus. You can
grow these in a tissue culture.
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Step 2
Use the purifier to isolate the polio viruses.
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The polio virus uses the cells within the tissue culture to produce many copies
of itself.
These copies of the virus need to be separated from the tissue culture.
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Step 3
Use formaldehyde to kill the viruses.
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There are several ways to inactivate a virus or bacteria for use in a vaccine.
One way is to expose the pathogen to heat. This is how the bacteria in the
typhoid vaccine is inactivated. Another way is to use radiation.
For the polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk in 1954, formaldehyde was used.
You'll use formaldehyde in creating your polio vaccine, too.
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Step 4
Fill the syringe with the killed polio virus.
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The dead viruses in your polio vaccine will not produce a full immune response
when injected in a body. This is true for all vaccines that are not live. For
this reason, these vaccines usually require booster shots.
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Done
The polio vaccine is complete.
Select another pathogen.
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Congratulations. You have produced a killed polio vaccine.
There are two polio vaccines widely used today. One is Salk's killed vaccine;
the other is a live-attenuated vaccine first developed by Albert Sabin.
In addition to polio and typhus, killed vaccines are used to prevent influenza,
typhoid, and rabies.
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